In Nepal, Diwali is celebrated as Tihar, also known as Deepawali or Yamapanchak. It is one of the most vibrant and cherished festivals in the country, observed for five days. Typically, it falls in late October or early November according to the Nepali lunar calendar (Kartik month). Each day of Tihar honors distinct animals, deities, and the harmonious relationship between humans and nature, setting it apart from the Indian version of Diwali.
Here is a detailed overview of how Tihar is celebrated across the five days:
Day 1: Kaag Tihar
Dedicated to crows and ravens, believed to be messengers of death and harbinger of negative news, Kaag Tihar involves offering food to these birds early in the morning to ward off sorrow and negativity from homes.
Day 2: Kukur Tihar
Dogs, revered for their loyalty and service, are honored during Kukur Tihar. They are adorned with tika, flower garlands (mala), and provided with special food. This day celebrates the sacred bond between humans and dogs, embodying compassion and gratitude.
Day 3: Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja
Cows, symbols of prosperity and maternal care, are worshipped in the morning. In the evening, people perform Laxmi Puja, lighting oil lamps (diyo) and candles to welcome the goddess of wealth into their homes. Houses and cities are adorned with rows of lights and decorations, creating a breathtaking ambiance.
Day 4: Govardhan Puja/Mha Puja
Govardhan Puja/Mha Puja is dedicated to the worship of Govardhan, a sacred mountain. It is observed on the fourth day of Tihar.
Today holds diverse significance across various communities. Hindus venerate oxen and partake in Govardhan Puja, while Newar communities celebrate Mha Puja, a ritual dedicated to purifying the self and honoring one’s soul in preparation for the New Year according to the Nepal Sambat calendar.
Day 5: Bhai Tika
The culmination and most emotionally charged day commemorates the profound bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters adorn their brothers’ foreheads with vibrant tika, present garlands, and extend fervent prayers for their extended longevity and prosperity. In response, brothers bestow gifts and pledge their protection.
Overall, Tihar is a festival that embodies the essence of lights, love, and life, harmoniously blending devotion with familial bonds and reverence for animals and the natural world. It transcends the realm of a religious celebration, transcending into a time of musical revelry, joyous festivities, and unwavering unity across Nepal, characterized by the enchanting melodies of Deusi–Bhailo songs, the flickering glow of candles, and the palpable spirit of community.